Calculates the sine of a number.
Syntax
$sin(number)
Parameters
| number | a number, or an expression that evaluates to a number |
Return Value
Number, with the same number of decimal places as number.
Comments
The value returned by this function has the same number of decimal places as number. Ensure that you specify enough decimal places in your equation to ensure a sufficiently granular result. Unusual results such as
-0 are an indication that the number of decimal places needs to be increased. For example, if you enter
$sin(4)
without any decimal points, you receive the result
-1
However, if you enter
$sin(4.0000)
you receive the result
-0.7568
Example
let var1 = $sin(0)
Evaluates to 0.
See Also
$asin
$cos
$sinh
$tan
About Functional Expressions
Right-justifies a character string.
Syntax
$rightjustify(string)
Parameters
| string | a character string, or an expression that evaluates to a character string |
Return Value
Character string, consisting of string right-justified in a space $length(string) characters long. Trailing blanks in string are ignored.
Example
$rightjustify("abcde ")Evaluates to ” abcde”.
$rightjustify(var1)
Evaluates to ” 3″ if var1 is a LONGINT variable whose value is 3 (occupies 12 character spaces).
See Also
$center
$leftjustify
About Character Literals
About Functional Expressions
Conversion Between Data Types
Sums a set of values, excluding those in which the expression is $Null.
Syntax
$total(expression)
Parameters
Return Value
Number.
Comments
Expression is often a WHERE expression that includes only selected values in the totalling operation. If the WHERE expression (expr1 WHERE expr2) is true, the expr1 value is included in the operation; otherwise, expression is considered $Null and is not included.
Example
compute Employees where DeptName="Sales"
evaluate(let TotSal = $total(Salary))
(let TotSalF = $total(Salary where Sex = "F"))
Finds the total of all employees’ salaries, and the total of the salaries of all female employees, in the Sales department.
See Also
$average
$count
$max
$min
About Functional Expressions
Number Literals
Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Syntax
$cosh(number)
Parameters
| number | a number, or an expression that evaluates to a number, representing an angle (in radians) |
Return Value
Number, with the same number of decimal places as number. Ensure that you specify enough decimal places in your equation to ensure a sufficiently granular result. Unusual results such as -0 are an indication that the number of decimal places needs to be increased. For example, if you enter
$cosh(5)
without any decimal points, you receive the result
74
However, if you enter
$cosh(5.0000)
you receive the result
74.2099
Comments
This function calculates the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Example
let vAngle = $cosh(3.000)
Variable vAngle is set to 10.068.
See Also
$acos
$cos
$sinh
$tanh
Enables or suppresses the display of information messages.
Syntax
SET INFORMATION ON|OFF
Comments
The INFORMATION option is set ON by default.
When INFORMATION is ON, information messages are displayed. Setting INFORMATION to OFF suppresses the display of such messages. Information messages are of the form:
| nnn selected | after a FIND command |
| nnn added | after an ADD command |
| nnn changed | after a CHANGE command |
| nnn deleted | after a DELETE command |
All types of messages can be simultaneously turned on or off with a SET MESSAGES command.
The SET INFORMATION command has no effect on the logging of messages in the “error trace” file. Message logging is governed by the configuration option error trace.
Example
set messages on
set information off
The preceding commands set error and warning messages on, but information messages off.
See Also
SET ERRORS
SET WARNINGS
Records tracing information.
Syntax
SET TRACE OUTPUT docname [APPEND]
Parameters
| docname | The name of an application document.
All subsequent trace output is sent to the specified document. |
| APPEND | Indicates that subsequent trace output is to be appended to the existing contents of docname. |
Comments
Normally, information generated by the commands SET COMMANDTIMING, SET FLOW, SET LEXTRACE, SET STRATEGY, SET TRACE, and SET TRANSACTION FLOW is displayed on the screen. The SET TRACE OUTPUT command enables you to redirect the output to docname.
Example
set trace output RecordTrace
Redirects tracing information to an application document called RecordTrace.
set trace output terminal
Tracing information is displayed on the terminal screen.
See Also
SET FLOW
SET LEXTRACE
SET STRATEGY
SET TRACE
SET TRANSACTION FLOW
Calculates the tangent of a number.
Syntax
$tan(number)
Parameters
| number | a number or an expression that evaluates to a number |
Return Value
Number, with the same number of decimal places as number. Ensure that you specify enough decimal places in your equation to ensure a sufficiently granular result. Unusual results such as -0 are an indication that the number of decimal places needs to be increased. For example, if you enter
$tan(3)
without any decimal points, you receive the result
-0
However, if you enter
$tan(3.0000)
you receive the result
-0.1425
Comments
The value returned by this function has the same number of decimal places as number.
Example
let var1 = $tan(0)
let var1 = 3.14
let var2 = $tan(0.50*var1)
See Also
$atan
$cos
$sin
$tanh
About Functional Expressions
Moves the current member pointer one or more records “up” in a result set.
Syntax
UP [num] [setname]
Parameters
| num | Can be:
an integer constant (15, 200);
a variable, form field, or parameter that evaluates to an integer;
the word ALL.
The default value of num is 1.
If num is negative, the command effectively becomes a DOWN or NEXT command. |
| setname | The name of a result set. If setname is omitted, the current set is used. |
Comments
PREVIOUS is a synonym for UP.
Example
up 10
Moves the current member pointer 10 members “up” towards the start of the set.
up 5 MySet
list 5 MySet
Moves the current member pointer five members “up”, then lists five members (starting with the new current member).
See Also
$currentmember
BOTTOM
DOWN
LOCATE
NEXT
PREVIOUS
TOP
DDEExecute
Send commands and macros to the target application.
Syntax
procedure DDEExecute (out tErrCode, inout tServ,
in app_cmd)
Parameters
| tErrCode | longint, an error code |
| tServ | longint, connection handle |
| app_cmd | char, command or macro to be executed |
Comments
DDEExecute sends target application specific commands and macros to be executed by the remote application. Consult the documentation of the remote application for information on these commands.
The filename is ddeexec.pgm.
Example
For example, given that DDE_Err and hServ are of type longint and that hServ has been set by a previous call to DDEConnect, to send the ‘[NEW(1)]” command to EXCEL
DDEExecute(DDE_Err, hServ, ‘[NEW(1)]’)
instructs EXCEL to open a new spreadsheet.
Specifies the characters to be displayed for $Null values.
Syntax
SET NULLVALUE constant
Parameters
| constant | A character string, or an expression that evaluates to a character string. |
Comments
The NULLVALUE option is set to a space character by default.
When a value to be output is $Null, the specified constant is displayed.
Example
To specify that the character constant NA is to be displayed for $Null expressions, use
> set nullvalue “NA”
As a result, a LIST command looks like this:
> list 3 Employees
LastName FirstName Salary
Smith John 25000
Jones NA 35000
Johnson Janet NA
See Also
$Null
Expressions and the $Null Property
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