Moves the current member pointer one or more records “up” in a result set.
Syntax
UP [num] [setname]
Parameters
| num | Can be:
an integer constant (15, 200);
a variable, form field, or parameter that evaluates to an integer;
the word ALL.
The default value of num is 1.
If num is negative, the command effectively becomes a DOWN or NEXT command. |
| setname | The name of a result set. If setname is omitted, the current set is used. |
Comments
PREVIOUS is a synonym for UP.
Example
up 10
Moves the current member pointer 10 members “up” towards the start of the set.
up 5 MySet
list 5 MySet
Moves the current member pointer five members “up”, then lists five members (starting with the new current member).
See Also
$currentmember
BOTTOM
DOWN
LOCATE
NEXT
PREVIOUS
TOP
Releases memory occupied by user-defined variables (including form fields and menu items) or result sets.
Syntax
DISPOSE option
Parameters
| option | Can be
«item»
The name of a variable, form field, menu item, form or menu whose current memory allocation is to be released.
ALL
Releases the current memory allocation of all user-defined variables, form fields, and menu items.
SET
Causes all result sets to be reset to empty. |
Comments
DISPOSE releases the memory where the current values of variables (including form fields and menu items) are stored. As a result, the objects whose values were stored in that memory become $Null. DISPOSE does not close or erase the objects themselves.
Example
dispose all
Releases memory used to store current values of all variables, form fields, and menu items in an application.
dispose Form1 Menu1
Releases the memory used to store the current values of all form fields in the specified form and menu.
Decrypts the data in an EntitySet or relationship with fields.
Syntax
DECRYPT object
Parameters
| object | The name of a previously encrypted entity set or a relationship with fields. A role name can be used. |
Comments
Reverses an ENCRYPT command.
If the data in the specified EntitySet or relationship was not previously encrypted, the command raises an error.
The ENCRYPT and DECRYPT commands prevent users outside of an application session from reading sensitive data contained in disk files. Within Zim, encrypted data is automatically decrypted as the application programs work with it. All encryption and decryption in a particular database is based on a key established when you initiate a new database by executing the New Database (ZIMINIT) administrative utility.
Encrypted EntitySets and relationships are accessed in exactly the same way as unencrypted EntitySets or relationships. Internally, the software automatically decrypts data from an encrypted file as you work with that file. A slight performance penalty is paid for working with encrypted data.
See Also
ENCRYPT
Securing Data Inside an Application
Changes the name of certain objects.
Syntax
RENAME object oldname AS newname [IN directory]
Parameters
| object | One of
CONSTANT, DIRECTORY, DISPLAY, DOCUMENT, ENTITYSET, FORM, RELATIONSHIP, ROLE, SET, VARIABLE, WINDOW |
| oldname | The current name of object. |
| newname | The new name for object. The new name must not be the name of an existing object. |
| directory | The name of the application directory in which object is located. |
Example
rename entityset Deppartments as Departments
The preceding command renames an EntitySet that was accidentally given a misspelled name.
See Also
CREATE
ERASE
How To Name Objects
Specifies the vertical heading for each page in a column-oriented report.
Syntax
PAGE LEFT reportitem [:format:]
Parameters
| reportitem | Any valid expression. Complex expressions must be enclosed in parentheses. When you specify more than one expression, each must be separated from the next by at least one space. |
| format | A set of instructions defining the format for the associated reportitem. Format is enclosed in : (colons) and can consist of any valid combination of format options. |
Comments
The PAGE LEFT command generates a “heading” along the left-hand edge of each page in a column-oriented report. The column of text generated by this command starts in column 1 on the page. Report items in this command can include individual data values only from the first record to be processed on the current report page.
See Also
How to Use The Report Generator
Output Masks
Report Item Format Options
Starts an explicit transaction.
Syntax
TRANSACTION [READ]
Parameters
| READ | This option is ignored. |
Comments
TRANSACTION marks the start of a sequence of commands that are to be handled as a single transaction. The transaction can be terminated either with an ENDTRANSACTION or with a QUITTRANSACTION command.
TRANSACTION sets the system variable $InTransaction to $True.
Example
form set accelerator Return Escape
while
form open fEmpForm
form display input
if Event.EventName <> “Escape”
find Departments where Departments.Dno=fEmpForm.Dno
if $setcount = 0
form open fDeptForm
form display input
endif
transaction
if $setcount = 0
add Departments from fDeptForm
endif
add Employees from fEmpForm
endtransaction
else
return
endif
endwhile
See Also
BEGIN WORK
ON
QUITTRANSACTION
SET TRANSACTION FLOW
Generates application code from a template.
Syntax
GENERATE zimprog [ (parm)|string ]
Parameters
| zimprog | The name of an application document that contains an application program template. |
| parm | An expression whose value is to be passed to zimprog. Multiple parameters must be separated from one another by commas. |
| string | A string that is passed to zimprog if zimprog is a macro program. |
Comments
The commands in zimprog are executed interactively. When an opening program template delimiter (<<) is encountered, execution is suspended, and the subsequent lines are written (after macro substitutions) to the current output. This process ends when a closing program template delimiter (>>) is encountered alone on a line.
See Also
$ (Template line join)
Program Templates and the GENERATE Command
Branches from an exception handler to the command that caused the exception.
Syntax
GOTO PREVIOUS
Comments
GOTO PREVIOUS is used only in an exception handler and only to branch to the command that caused the exception to occur. GOTO PREVIOUS exits the exception handler, and closes it in the same way as ENDON.
Example
Note: In this example, all transactions are assumed to be implicit transactions (i.e., single commands).
procedure UpdateDB()
on deadlock
output “The database is busy.”
output “Do you want to try again? ( y/ n):” ;
input Response
if Response = ” y”
goto previous
else
return
endif
endon
… the rest of the commands in the procedure …
endprocedure
If a deadlock condition occurs, the exception handler asks the application user if the transaction should be attempted again. If the answer is yes, the GOTO PREVIOUS command causes the application program to retry the command that caused the deadlock condition. If the answer is no, the procedure terminates.
See Also
GOTO
GOTO NEXT
ON
Specifies the page footing for a report.
Syntax
PAGE FOOTING reportitem [:format:]
Parameters
| reportitem | Any valid expression. Complex expressions must be enclosed in parentheses. When you specify more than one expression, each must be separated from the next by at least one space. |
| format | A set of instructions defining the format for the associated reportitem. Format is enclosed in : (colons) and can consist of any valid combination of format options. |
Comments
the PAGE FOOTING command causes a footing to be displayed at the bottom of every page of a report. Report items in this command can include individual data values only from the last record processed on the current report page; however, summary information computed over all the members on the current report page can be displayed in the footing.
See Also
BREAK (Reports)
How to Use The Report Generator
PAGE HEADING
REPORT FOOTING
Report Item Format Options
Sorts the members of an existing result set.
Syntax
SORT [setname>] BY expression [ASCENDING|DESCENDING]
Parameters
| setname | The name of a result set. If setname is not specified, the current set is used. |
| expression | An expression that identifies a field to be used as a sort key. Complex expressions must be enclosed in parentheses. |
| ASCENDING or DESCENDING | Specifies how the sort on the associated key is to be performed.
ASCENDING (default)
Sorts in “alphabetical order” (A-Z, 0-9).
DESCENDING
Sorts in “reverse alphabetical order” (Z-A, 9-0). |
Example
find all Employees where Name = Smith -> SmithNames
sort SmithNames by Salary
The preceding two commands could be combined into one by using a SORTED BY subcommand.
sort SmithNames by FirstName DeptNum Salary descending
The preceding command sorts the employees named Smith by first name (ascending order), department (ascending order), and salary (descending order).
See Also
SORTED BY
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