Calculates a time value by adding minutes to (or subtracting minutes from) a specified time value.
Syntax
$addminutes(time,number)
where
| time | an 8-digit number or an expression that evaluates to an 8-digit number, that expresses a valid time value in the format HHMMSSTT |
| number | a number or an expression that evaluates to a number |
Return Value
Number, representing a time value.
Comments
Use $addminutes to perform arithmetic with time values. The $addminutes function calculates a time value by adding a number representing minutes to a time value. If number is negative, the effect is to subtract the minutes from the time.
Example
If $Time has the value 22503075, then
$addminutes($time,5)
Evaluates to 22553075.
$addminutes($time,10)
Evaluates to 23003075.
$addminutes($time,-5)
Evaluates to 22453075.
$addminutes($time,65)
Evaluates to 23553075.
Calculates a time value by adding seconds to (or subtracting seconds from) a specified time value.
Syntax
$addseconds(time,number)
Parameters
| time | an 8-digit number, or an expression that evaluates to an 8-digit number, that expresses a valid time value in the format HHMMSSTT |
| number | a number, or an expression that evaluates to a number |
Return Value
Number, representing a time value.
Comments
Use $addseconds to perform arithmetic with time values. The $addseconds function calculates a time value by adding a number representing seconds to a time value. If number is negative, the effect is to subtract the seconds from the time.
Example
If $Time has the value 22503075, then
$addseconds($time,5)
evaluates to 22503575.
$addseconds($time,35)
evaluates to 22510575.
$addseconds($time,-5)
evaluates to 22502575.
$addseconds($time,65)
evaluates to 22513575.
$addseconds(22595900,1)
evaluates to 23000000.
See Also
$addhours
$addminutes
$addticks
$seconds
Counts the number of set members that meet a specified condition, excluding records in which the condition is $Null.
Syntax
$count(expression)
Parameters
| expression | is any expression |
Return Value
Number, with no decimal places.
Comments
Expression is often a WHERE expression that includes only selected set members in the counting operation. If the WHERE expression (expr1 WHERE expr2) is true, then the member containing expr1 is included in the running count; otherwise, expression is considered $Null and is not included in the running count.
Example
compute Employees where DeptName="Sales"
evaluate (let EmpsInSales = $count(LastName where LastName = "Smith"))
First finds all employees in the sales department, then counts the number of Smiths among those employees.
add Employees from TestData let EmpNum = ($count("")+1000)As employee data is added, each new record is counted. New employee records are assigned unique employee numbers in sequence, based on the current value of $count plus 1000.
See Also
$average
$max
$min
$total
About Character Literals
About Functional Expressions
WHERE
Converts a value into its numeric equivalent.
Syntax
$tonumber(expression,decimals)
Parameters
| expression | Any value, or an expression that yields any value. |
| decimals | A number specifying the number of decimal places required in the converted value. Decimals can be negative. |
Return Value
Number equivalent of expression.
Comments
Use $tonumber to obtain the numeric equivalent of expression. If decimals is negative, the implicit number of decimal places in expression is used.
Example
$tonumber(1.273,2)
Evaluates to 1.27.
$tonumber(16/6,3)
Evaluates to 2.667.
$tonumber("2345",2)Evaluates to 2345.00.
$tonumber("Smith",5)Evaluates to 0.00000 (and produces an error).
$tonumber("1.2"*1.20,-1)Evaluates to 1.44.
See Also
$money
$round
$toalpha
$tocharacter
About Functional Expressions
Decimals and Rounding
Decimals in Functional Expressions
Number Literals
Returns the minimum value of a set of values.
Syntax
$min(expression)
Parameters
Return Value
The value of the selected instance of expression.
Comments
Use $min to find the smallest value among members of a set. Instances of expression that are $Null are ignored.
Expression is often a WHERE expression that includes only selected values in the operation. If the WHERE expression (expr1 WHERE expr2) is true, the expr1 value is included in the operation; otherwise, expression is considered $Null and is ignored.
Example
compute Employees where DeptName = "Sales"
evaluate (let MaxSal = $max(Salary))
(let MinSal = $min(Salary))
(let MaxSalF = $max(Salary where Sex = "F"))
(let MinSalF = $min(Salary where Sex = "F"))
At the end of this operation, MaxSal contains the highest salary paid to any employee in Sales; MinSal contains the lowest salary paid to any employee in Sales; MaxSalF contains the highest salary paid to any female employee in Sales; and, MinSalF contains the lowest salary paid to any female employee in Sales.
See Also
$average
$count
$max
$total
About Functional Expressions
WHERE
Returns the maximum value of a set of values.
Syntax
$max(expression)
Parameters
Return Value
The value of the selected instance of expression.
Comments
Use $max to find the largest value among members of a set. Instances of expression that are $Null are ignored.
Expression is often a WHERE expression that includes only selected values in the operation. If the WHERE expression (expr1 WHERE expr2) is true, the expr1 value is included in the operation; otherwise, expression is considered $Null and is ignored.
Example
compute Employees where DeptName = "Sales"
evaluate (let MaxSal = $max(Salary))
(let MinSal = $min(Salary))
(let MaxSalF = $max(Salary where Sex = "F"))
(let MinSalF = $min(Salary where Sex = "F"))
At the end of this operation, MaxSal contains the highest salary paid to any employee in Sales; MinSal contains the lowest salary paid to any employee in Sales; MaxSalF contains the highest salary paid to any female employee in Sales; and, MinSalF contains the lowest salary paid to any female employee in Sales.
See Also
$average
$count
$min
$total
About Functional Expressions
WHERE
Returns the average value of a set of values, excluding $Null values.
Syntax
$average(expression)
Parameters
Return Value
Number, with the number of decimal places implied by expression.
Comments
The function calculates the average of a set of values, excluding $Null values.
Expression is often a WHERE expression that includes only selected values in the averaging operation. If the WHERE expression (expr1 WHERE expr2) is true, the expr1 value is included in the averaging operation; otherwise, expression is considered $Null and is not included in the averaging operation.
Example
compute Employees where DeptName="Sales"
evaluate (let AvgAge = $average($year($date)-$year(BirthDate)))
(let AvgSal = $average(Salary where Sex = "F"))
Finds the average age of all employees, and the average salary of all female employees, in the sales department.
report footing
$average(Salary)
($total(Salary*Salary) / $count(Salary) - $average(Salary) * $average(Salary))
Reports average salary and salary variance.
See Also
$count
$max
$min
$total
How to Use The Report Generator
WHERE
Builds a single character string out of separate strings, inserting a separator string.
Syntax
$squeeze(separator «,string»)
Parameters
| separator | A character string, or an expression that evaluates to a character string. Separator is placed between each instance of string. |
| string | A character string, or an expression that evaluates to a character string. Leading and trailing blanks are trimmed from string. Each string must be separated from the next by a comma. |
Return Value
Character string.
Comments
$squeeze combines specified strings into a single string, with separator placed between each string. In the function call, each string must be separated from the next by a comma. Leading and trailing blanks are trimmed from each string.
Example
$squeeze (",",LastName,FirstName,Salutation)Evaluates to “Smith,John,Mr.” when FirstName is “John “, LastName is “Smith “, and Salutation is “Mr. “.
list all Ents format $squeeze ("",EntName,EntType,AvgSize,DirName)Compresses the LIST output as much as possible.
Related Information
$concat
Calculates a date value by adding weeks to (or subtracting weeks from) a specified date value.
Syntax
$addweeks(date,number)
Parameters
| date | a date, or an expression that evaluates to a DATE data type |
| number | a number, or an expression that evaluates to a number |
Return Value
Number, representing a DATE value.
Comments
Use $addweeks to perform arithmetic with date values. The $addweeks function calculates a date value by adding a number representing weeks to a date value. If number is negative, the effect is to subtract the weeks from the date.
The + (add) and – (subtract) operators can be used to achieve the same results.
If date or the result of the $addweeks expression is an invalid date (e.g., 19930231), it is adjusted to produce a valid date (e.g., 19930228).
Example
If $Date has the value 19981225, then
$addweeks($date,1)
Evaluates to 19990101.
$addweeks($date,-2)
Evaluates to 1998.501.
$addweeks(19980201,4)
Evaluates to 19980301.
See Also
$adddays
$addmonths
$addyears
$todate
$weekday
+ (Add/Positive)
– (Subtract/Negative)
About Functional Expressions
Arithmetic with Dates
Generates the “sounds-like” value of a string.
Syntax
$soundex(source)
Parameters
| source | a character string, or an expression that evaluates to a character string |
Return Value
Character string (alpha).
Comments
$soundex yields a “sounds-like” value for source. The value is created using an heuristic algorithm and is based on English pronunciation.
When $soundex is applied to two separate strings and they generate the same “sounds-like” value, then the two original strings can be assumed to sound the same. $soundex can be used to compare and find strings that sound the same but are spelled differently.
The result of $soundex is of data type ALPHA, therefore comparisons involving soundex values are case-insensitive.
Example
find all Customers where $soundex(LastName) = $soundex("Burton")The above command returns customer records for names like Burton, Berton, Bertyn, Bertin, BURTON, BERTIN, and so on.
find all Customers where sLastName = $soundex("Burton")The preceding command takes advantage of indexed searching by setting up sLastName as an indexed virtual field that contains the soundex values of LastName in the Customers EntitySet.
let SoundsLike = $soundex("Smith")
find all Customers where sLastName = SoundsLike?The preceding code fragment uses prefix searching (? wildcard) with soundex values.
See Also
? (Wildcard)
About Character Literals
About Functional Expressions
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